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This volume presents Karl Barth’s lectures as part of the prestigious Gifford lectureship in which he focuses on the knowledge and service of God, relating particularly to the 1560 Scottish Reformation. He notes: “These lectures on that teaching [of the Reformed church on natural theology] will not take the form of an independent outline, but will be connected with a ‘document’ of the Reformation. Further, taking into account the specifically Scottish character of the Gifford foundation, this document will be a document of the ‘Scottish’ Reformation. . . . I am letting John Knox and his friend speak in their Confessio Scotica of 1560. This is not to take the form of an historical analysis of the Scottish Confession, but that of a theological paraphrase and elucidation of the document as it speaks today and as we today by a careful objective examination of its content can hear it speak.”
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Karl Barth (1886–1968), a Swiss Protestant theologian and pastor, was one of the leading thinkers of twentieth-century theology, described by Pope Pius XII as the most important theologian since Thomas Aquinas. He helped to found the Confessing Church and his thinking formed the theological framework for the Barmen Declaration. He taught in Germany, where he opposed the Nazi regime. In 1935, when he refused to take the oath of allegiance to Adolf Hitler, he was retired from his position at the University of Bonn and deported to Switzerland. There he continued to write and develop his theology.
Barth’s work and influence resulted in the formation of what came to be known as neo-orthodoxy. For Barth, modern theology, with its assent to science, immanent philosophy, and general culture and with its stress on feeling, was marked by indifference to the word of God and to the revelation of God in Jesus, which he thought should be the central concern of theology.